Tuesday, December 31, 2019

William Chaucer s The Friar s Tale - 1500 Words

Society has always judged a person on his level of morality. This level of judgment has been evident since the immoral acts of Adam and Eve were committed. Some of these acts are dishonesty, adultery, and ignorance. â€Å"The Friar’s Tale† makes these moral issues clear through various characters. The summoner and the Devil both show dishonesty, abuse of power, and mercilessness. In this short story, Chaucer illustrates the theme of immorality and how it affects the character of all the persons in the tale. .Characters display dishonesty in â€Å"The Friar’s Tale†. The summoner steals the money that he collects from peasants. Chaucer illustrates this act of immorality when he says, â€Å"Now truly†¦so do I. I never spare to take a thing, knows God, unless it be too heavy or too hot. What I get for myself, and privately, no kind of conscience for such things have I†. (170-174). The summoner is being dishonest to the people that he collects from by not telling him that he keeps the money. The summoner admits to the Devil that he steals. The summoner also says that he has no conscience. Therefore he can not be kept from evil. (Gray 115) Bowden addresses the summoner’s immorality when he states, â€Å"Fact and fiction both condemn him as especially licentious and dishonest. He also mentions how Gower writes of him as pretending to be poor but, in actuality, as being as rich as a king† (Bowden 55). Stealing is immoral, and Bowden reinforces that the summoner is immoral and steals beyond need.Show MoreRelated Contradictions in Chaucers The Canterbury Tales Essay3897 Words   |  16 PagesContradictions in Chaucers The Canterbury Tales There is no question that contradictory values make up a major component of The Canterbury Tales. Fate vs. Fortuna, knowledge vs. experience and love vs. hate all embody Chaucers famous work. These contrasting themes are an integral part of the complexity and sophistication of the book, as they provide for an ironic dichotomy to the creative plot development and undermine the superficial assumptions that might be made. The combination of completelyRead MoreEssay on Chaucers Concept of `The Good Man1072 Words   |  5 Pages The Age of Chaucer was an age of unrest and decay in all the fields of life. The corruption and decay was particularly reflected in the Christian Church of that age which gave rise to many satirical writers like Chaucer, Gower and Langland. Geoffrey Chaucer who was a representative writer of the age portrayed with crisp laconic vividness the materialism and avarice of the clergy as well as the moral laxity and luxury of the laity. His `Canterbury Tales can be called an estates satireRead MoreThe Middle Ages1747 Words   |  7 Pagesenormous churches, monasteries, and cathedrals (â€Å"Europe in the middle ages†). In addition, the church also had a role politically. The churches structure was a pyramid in which the papacy set at the top, also numerous religious orders of monks, nuns, and friars scattered throughout Europe in dioceses (â€Å"The Late-medieval church†). Furthermore, there was the Crusades, which was a campaign of religious wars that lasted for many years. The church asked the kings to send their knights and soldiers to the middleRead MoreThe Role of Fate in Romeo and Juliet2082 Words   |  9 Pageswas partially because of free will. The fact that Romeo and Juliet got married knowing that there was a bitter feud between their families, the Montague and Capuletà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. This feud brought on many problems, such as the murder of Tybalt by Romeo. Juliet knew that this might be a problem f or Her and Romeo. Juliet had said: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Whatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s in a nameà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ? Which explains her ill fate of being a Capulet and Romeo being a Montague. When Romeo tells his servant à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ Ay, mine own fortune in my miseryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Is thereRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Tragedy Of Macbeth2482 Words   |  10 Pagesin the history of literature, William Shakespeare, utilizes his ink to portray the complicity on of human through his works, with numerous of comedies and tragic dramas, using various story backgrounds, Shakespeare is able to catch the most unique gist of human beings. For example, In his drama The Tragedy of Macbeth, his love towards the beauty of humanity expressed through the multidimensional characters of Macbeth. By illustrating the transformation of Macbeth s change in mind, from a loyal servantRead MorePre-Spanish Period8197 Words   |  33 Pagespeoples. In their effort to define their world, to account for the realities in it, and to explain their feelings, beliefs, and judgments, they made up interesting narratives. These have come down to us in the form of origin myths, legends, fables, tales of the supernatural, and humorous accounts about some trickster, like Pusong or Pilandok, or some bungling character who got by in spite of or because of his lack of wit. And there were also metrical accounts of native Filipino gods and their deeds

Monday, December 23, 2019

What were the achievements of the 1848 Revolution and why...

The revolutionaries of 1848 had varied aims, largely based upon their own social classes. The working classes had very simple and practical aims, largely based upon improving their own working conditions, asking for higher employment levels and greater wages. However the middle classes, the self-appointed leaders of the revolution, had more ambitious aims, fighting for the unification of Germany and constitutional monarchies. Many of these more ambitious aims were not to be achieved until much later, as ultimately the revolution failed, but what did they manage to achieve, and why did the revolution fail? Across the German states active revolution was fairly minor, isolated to Berlin, Rhineland, Silesia, Baden and some small peasant†¦show more content†¦However this use of power dates back to long before the revolution, and can clearly be seen in Metternich’s Carlsbad Decrees of 1819 in which he placed sever limits onto universities and students. This prevented the students (who were now mature and were leading the revolution) from being able to gather and unify; one of the main problems with the revolution. Therefore it can be seen that the strength of the conservatives was crucial in the failure of the revolution. Despite the eventual failure of the revolution, a number of achievements were still made. 1848 forced the monarchies to modernise, and made conservatives pay attention to the welfare of the workers so as to maintain support for their policies and rule. This can be seen in the 1849 German Constitution. In this an imperial parliament was set up, with an upper and lower house, with the lower houses being elected by the people. There was also to be an Emperor. Clearly this can be seen as a great success for the nationalists as it was an evident move towards unification, as was it a success for the liberals as they now had a constitutional regime. Therefore it can be seen that the peasants achieved their aims through the Prussian Parliament, and the middle classes brought back some success in the form of the German Constitution. Ultimately the failure of theShow MoreRelatedThe Truths About Preschool And Kindergarten1704 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction In my research essay I will be researching and talking about the early childhood education in America. In addition to that I will talk about the benefits it is having on our children from what I have learned from my sources, and how teachers of early education are being equipped to handle these classrooms. I will mainly be focusing on pre-K through kindergarten. I have had many volunteer jobs at day camps with this age group, and I haveRead MoreAge of Enlightenment and Century5169 Words   |  21 Pagesï » ¿ ADVANCED PLACEMENT ESSAY QUESTIONS RENAISSANCE 1. 77: To what extent and in what ways may the Renaissance be regarded as a turning point in the Western intellectual and cultural tradition? 2. 81: Compare the ways in which two works of art reproduced below express the artistic, philosophical and cultural values of their times. (Pictures of Michelangelo s David and Giacometti s Man Pointing 1947). 3. 82: CompareRead MoreThe Film V For Vendetta And The Song Get Up Stand Up By Bob Marley3978 Words   |  16 Pages‘Get Up, Stand Up’, and how both of them are Marxist approaches to inculcate in the society. From the outset, Marxism will be examined in terms of the historical aspect and materialistic ideology. Moreover, the study will look at how these elements were manipulated by the powers that be. There follows a short synopsis of the film ‘V for Vendetta’ and an analysis of specific scenes that relate to the Marxist theory. Subsequently, the discussion will focus on Marley’s influence on Jamaican politicsRead MoreComparing The Film V For Vendetta And The Song Get Up Stand Up By Bob Marley3921 Words   |  16 Pagesbeen chosen because the author supports these works fit into the social context of Marxism. From the outset, Marxism will be examined in terms of the historical aspect and materialistic ideology. Moreover, the study will look at how these elements were manipulated by the powers that be. There follows a short synopsis of the film ‘V for Vendetta’ and an analysis of specific scenes that relate to the Marxist theory. Subsequently, the discussion will focus on Marley’s influence on Jamaican politicsRead MoreNecessity Is The Root Of Assimilation3368 Words   |  14 Pagesdissociation. 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In his day his works were important in popularizing the concept of evolution and played an important part in the development of economics, political science, biology, and philosophy. Herbert Spencer was born in Derby on April 27, 1820. His childhood, described in An AutobiographyRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesof the customary measures we deploy to demarcate historical epochs, the twentieth century does not appear to be a very coherent unit. The beginnings and ends of what we choose to call centuries are almost invariably years of little significance. But there is little agreement over when the twentieth century c.e. arrived, and there were several points both before the year 2000 (the collapse of the Soviet Union, the reunification of Germany, the surge of globalization from the mid-1990s) and afterwardRead MoreGlobalization and Its Impact on Malaysia13672 Words   |  55 Pagestrade unions whose competitiveness is threatened by globalization like the U.S. textiles and European farm lobby, as well as the Australian and U.S. trade union movements. Read more:http://www.investorwords.com/2182/globalization.html#ixzz1Ijdm09ST What Is Globalization? | Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by  international trade  and  investment  and aided by  information technology. This process

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Church History Free Essays

God is the Divine Author of a set of books, songs, narratives and letters that were written as a way for man to draw nearer to Him through His loving Son Jesus the Christ. God’s Word is an expression of who God is and who His Son is. J. We will write a custom essay sample on Church History or any similar topic only for you Order Now Scott Duvall and J. Daniel Hays wrote a book called Grasping God’s Word. Within this book, the authors inspire their readers by giving a detailed reason why we study the Bible. They say, â€Å"The reason we study the Bible is that we want to hear God’s Word to us. They go on to say, â€Å"The Bible was written by numerous human authors, but the divine aspect of it is inseparably and mysteriously interwoven into every verse. The term we use to describe this relationship between the divine role and the human role is inspiration. Inspiration can be defined as the process in which God directed individuals, incorporating their abilities and styles, to produce His message to humankind. †[1] Our Bible is an inspired canon of the 39 received books of the Old Testament and the 27 books of the New Testament. The combined 66 books of the Old and New Testament form the orthodox belief which was founded upon the inspired moving of God among man and creation. What were the events and movements that were influential in the recognition of the canonical books? Furthermore, what methodology was used by the applicable individuals and councils that deemed these 66 books the inspired Word of God? In her work titled, â€Å"The Establishment of Christian Orthodoxy of the Holy Bible†, Kathy McFarland gives us a very in depth understanding of the foundation of orthodoxy and the establishment of canon. I will begin by reviewing her thought about the foundation of orthodoxy. McFarland states, â€Å"Both Christians and pagans were shocked by the heretical ideas that were developing by the late second-century. Irenaeus, a Christian author who represented the ‘mainstream’, non-gnostic Christianity, wrote a book attacking Gnosticism because it denigrated the material world, removing the ability for God’s active interest from being expressed, and separated the God of the Old Testament from the God of the New. Tertullian agreed with Irenaeus that the Christian faith originated with Jesus and established a standard which belief could be tested. As Tertullian put it in his Prescription against the heretics, â€Å"It is clear that all doctrine which agrees with the apostolic churches – those moulds and original sources of the faith – must be considered true, as undoubtedly containing what those churches received from the apostles, the apostles from Christ, Christ from God. And all doctrine must be considered false which contradicts the truth of the churches and apostles of Christ and God. â€Å"This apostolic principle became extremely important in later centuries as the orthodox standards of faith were established. Now we have an understanding of the foundation of orthodoxy, I will now delve into McFarland thoughts on the establishment of the canon. â€Å"Christians possessed the writings by the apostles and their disciples that they believed expressed the rule of faith in written form by the time of Irenaeus and Tertullian, Most of the local churches within the Roman world agreed to which writings should be included in the NT canon by the second century; however, this agreement was not formalized until the third council of Carthage in 397. Most scholars believe that the New Testament canon was completed by A.  D. 100, if not earlier. They would read these writings in the practice of their faith as they met, and thought of these writings as equal to the writings the Jewish Scripture. The Septuagint (the Greek translation of the Old Testament), was in the Canon as the New Testament began to be added over a period of 400 years. The basis for including a book in Scripture was apparent within the process of declaring the Christian Canon, and required that each addition be prophetic, authoritative, authentic, life-transforming, widely recognized as the Word of God and reliable. Those declared inspired were of two basic categories of both eyewitness accounts of the Messiah (the Gospels), and letters from key witnesses written to various groups of believers (the Epistles). Concentrated effort was made to establish the authoritative collection of inspired books of the Bible into the Canon during the fourth century; however, there had been earlier attempts to list the acceptable books. The Muratorian Canon had listed all the books of the Bible except for 1 John, 1 and 2 Peter, Hebrews and James around A.  D. 180, and the Syriac Version of the Canon lists all of the books except Revelation in the third century. The apocryphal writings were seen as less than inspired by the fourth century, and many of the books previously held in high regard were beginning to disappear, as the formal establishment of Canon began. Both the East and the West Churches established their Canons in the fourth century on the criterion of maintaining a connection to the apostles or their immediate disciples in the collection of writings. Athanasius of Alexandria listed the complete 27 books of the New Testament for the Eastern Church, while Jerome listed just 39 Old Testament books with our present-day 27 New Testament ones for the West Church. The resulting Vulgate Bible, translated by Jerome to Latin, was used throughout the Christian world. The Synods of Carthage confirmed the 27 books of the New Testament of our present day Bibles in 397 and 418. [2] We have taken a look into the thoughts of Kathy McFarland. Now let’s take a journey into the mind of Sam A. Smith, the author of â€Å"Important Truths About the Bible, Part 2: How and Where Did We Get Our Bible? Smith makes the following observations about the canonicity of the books of the Bible: Canonicity refers to a book’s status, as to whether or not it should be regarded as divinely authoritative (inspired) and thus worthy to be included within the canon (the group of writings recognized as the Word of God). Perhaps you have wondered how the early church knew which books should be regarded as part of the Bible, and which ones should be excluded (like Tobit, Judith, Baruch, the Gospel of Thomas)? Many people mistakenly think that some group of church officials at the council of Nicia in A.  D. 325 sat down and voted on which books they thought should be included and that’s how we got our Bible. But that simply isn’t the way it happened. Actually, so far as we can determine, each target group to which a portion of Scripture was addressed immediately recognized it as Scripture on a par with all other Scripture. This is true of both Old Testament and New Testament Scriptures. Note the following examples of how Scripture was immediately recognized as the Word of God by the target audience. Moses’ writings were placed beside the Ark of the Covenant (Deut. 31:24-29). Daniel, a contemporary of Jeremiah, regarded Jeremiah’s prophetic writings as Scripture (Dan. 9:1-2 cf. Jer. 25:11). Peter recognized Paul’s writing as being on a par with the Old Testament Scriptures (2 Pet. 3:14-16). Church councils only stated the churches official recognition on the books that had long since been received, and denied equal status to more recent, spurious documents. In order to understand how we came to have the specific sixty-six books that are in our Bible we need to look at the formation of the Old Testament and New Testament canons individually. The word â€Å"canon† means â€Å"authority,† or â€Å"standard† by which other things are judged. The word â€Å"canon† when used of Scripture refers to the books deemed to be authoritative, i. e. , God’s Word. The Protestant canon contains sixty-six books. The Roman Catholic canon is longer, having added several books in the sixteenth century which were not regarded as canonical by the early church—to which effect Jerome included a notation in his Latin translation. ] Let’s look at the status of the Old Testament and New Testament canons. The question of which books should be included in the Old Testament is fairly simple and was settled before Christ was born. Note the following. 1) Except for the Sadducees, who only accepted the books of Moses, the Jewish people regarded as Scripture the same thirty-nine books as the Protestant church today (though they had them arranged so that some books now split were combined, e. g. , 1 2 Samuel). 2) The Old Testament that Jesus used was essentially the same as the one used today. ) The Old Testament apocryphal books accepted by the Roman Catholic Church in the sixteenth century were never accepted as Scripture by Jesus or the Jewish people; nor did the early Church accept them. 4) Early quotations of the apocryphal books by some church fathers (Irenaeus, Tertullian, Clement of Alexandria and Cyprian)–none of whom were Old Testament or Hebrew scholars–occurred at a time when the extent of the Old Testament canon was not well understood (especially by non-Jewish re ligious leaders), and some may have mistakenly thought that these books had been an accepted part of the Hebrew canon, when in fact they were not. Concerning the New Testament canon, since the gospels and the letters that were written to the early churches were scattered over the Roman Empire, it took a bit of time for the churches to assess what they had and to weed out common letters from those received as the inspired Word of God. There was very little pressure to do this until suspicious documents began to show up in key doctrinal disputes. Then it became necessary to determine the scope of the New Testament canon. It is extremely important to understand that the early church did not determine which books would become Scripture; they merely endeavored to recognize which books the churches had already received as Scripture, and to exclude spurious documents. Such tests weren’t arbitrary; they were derived from what the church leaders already knew about the character of Scripture from those books of undisputed authenticity. The following are some of the questions the early church used to assess the status of a document in question. 1) Does the writing claim to be inspired, and is its message consistent with other books of undisputed authenticity? 2) Is the author a recognized servant of God (an apostle, prophet, or early church leader)? 3) Are there good reasons to believe the document was written at the time and by the author from whom it purports to have originated? (In other words: Is it authentic? ) 4) Is the document factually correct? 5) Does the document claim to be authoritative (i. e. , the word of the Lord)? 6) Is the document in doctrinal agreement with other accepted books? ) Is there any evidence of fulfilled prophecy in the document? 7) Does the book have a universal character (i. e. , a message that transcends the local culture and milieu)? 8) Is the message of the document sublime (that is, based on what we know about God from other received books, can we conceive of God saying the things contained in the document)? Don’t get the idea that this exact list of questions was checked off for each and every book or document, but generally if a document was challenged; it was challenged on the grounds of one or more of the issues raised by these questions. How to cite Church History, Essay examples

Saturday, December 7, 2019

If I could make his dream come true Essay Example For Students

If I could make his dream come true Essay Now Jack is an old man of sixty five a friend of mine and he is an invalid. Having been a child of two years he injured in a car accident and became paralyzed forever. It made a great pain for his young parents and then for him when he began to understand what kind of fate he has, but sitting in a wheel chair he continued his life.I dont know maybe he wold become a famous man, if he had his body healthy, or a hero. Sometimes he told me such words: You know, Annie, If I would be healthy and this would happen many years ago guess what I would do than? Oh, I would make all poor-health people healthy. And now youll ask how could I do it? I would do it, my little friend, and no matter how, I would Im sure.He has a passion, longing, he has such life strings that let him understand the beauty, kindness and love. Being an old man he remained a child of past days with a smile of a child, eyes of a child and with a child heart. I see him a once falling star around other simple ones whose spectacle anymore will be repeated. But now everything makes him think, realize what he had done and what he hadnt done in this world of debts.Some days he remembers his childhood: That was summer, trees were full of bright green leaves, birds were singing beautiful songs and little children of my age were playing, running, laughing and every time he stopped on this words and I heard his silent weeping just like he was a child.He never said but I know to get up from the wheel chair, to move and to walk by himself is his dream. I wish I could make his dream come true. And someday I believe it will happen, because there is a God over us, who sees and understands everything.